Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD)

Overview

Meibomian gland dysfunction, often called MGD, occurs when the oil-producing glands along the eyelids do not release healthy oils into the tear film. Without this protective oil layer, tears evaporate too quickly and the eyes can become chronically irritated.

Symptoms

MGD can cause burning, grittiness, redness, watery eyes, fluctuating vision, tired eyes, crusting along the lashes, and contact lens discomfort. Symptoms often worsen with screens, wind, heating, or air conditioning.

When to see a doctor

Schedule an examination when irritation keeps returning, warm compresses or artificial tears are not enough, or contact lens wearing time decreases. Significant pain, light sensitivity, discharge, or sudden vision change needs prompt care.

Causes

The gland openings may become blocked, or the oils may become thick and difficult to express. Inflammation, altered blinking, eyelid bacteria, skin conditions, medications, and environmental stress can contribute.

Risk Factors

Risk increases with age, rosacea, blepharitis, extended screen use, contact lens wear, dry environments, hormonal changes, and some medications. Incomplete blinking can worsen stagnation within the glands.

Complications

Untreated MGD can destabilize the tear film, inflame the eyelids and ocular surface, reduce visual quality, and make contact lenses difficult to tolerate. Long-standing obstruction may cause glands to shrink or stop functioning.

Diagnosis & Treatment

Diagnosis includes examination of the eyelid margins, gland openings, secretions, blinking, tear film, and corneal surface. Treatment may include warm compresses, targeted lid hygiene, lubricants, prescription medication, nutritional guidance, in-office gland heating or expression, and management of related rosacea or inflammation.

Support healthier tears

Bespoke Eye Care evaluates the glands behind evaporative dry eye and builds a practical treatment plan around your symptoms and daily routine in Chester Springs.