Dry Eye Disease

Overview

Dry eye disease occurs when the eyes do not make enough tears, tears evaporate too quickly, or the tear film does not protect the eye’s surface properly. It is often chronic, but identifying the main cause can make treatment more focused and effective.

Symptoms

Common symptoms include burning, stinging, grittiness, redness, watery eyes, light sensitivity, tired eyes, fluctuating vision, and discomfort with contact lenses. Symptoms may worsen during screen use, reading, driving, or time spent in heated, air-conditioned, windy, or dry environments.

When to see a doctor

Schedule an eye examination when symptoms keep returning, interfere with work or sleep, reduce contact lens wearing time, or do not improve with basic lubricating drops. Significant pain, sudden vision loss, marked light sensitivity, injury, or thick discharge requires prompt evaluation.

Causes

Dry eye may result from meibomian gland dysfunction, inflammation, reduced tear production, incomplete blinking, eyelid problems, contact lens wear, eye surgery, medications, or systemic health conditions. Watery eyes can still indicate dryness because irritation may trigger reflex tearing.

Risk Factors

Risk increases with age, hormonal changes, autoimmune disease, rosacea, diabetes, extended screen use, contact lenses, dry environments, and medicines such as antihistamines, decongestants, some antidepressants, and isotretinoin.

Complications

Persistent dry eye can damage the corneal surface, make vision inconsistent, reduce contact lens tolerance, and affect daily comfort. Severe untreated disease can increase the risk of inflammation, abrasion, infection, and scarring.

Diagnosis & Treatment

An evaluation may include a detailed symptom history and examination of the eyelids, oil glands, tear film, and corneal surface. Treatment may include preservative-free lubricants, warm compresses, lid care, prescription drops, tear conservation, contact lens changes, environmental adjustments, nutritional guidance, or in-office therapy selected for the cause.

Find relief with a personalized plan

At Bespoke Eye Care in Chester Springs, we look beyond the symptoms to identify why your eyes feel dry. Schedule an examination for clear answers and a plan designed around your eyes, health, and daily routine.